Permission to land
The rules behind that magenta ‘R’ in a circle
By Patrick Brooke
Pilots are familiar with towered and nontowered public-use airports, but less so with private-use airports—airports that are not open to the public to land without prior approval.
They are governed by legal frameworks that pilots and landowners alike should understand. These airports come with responsibilities for both the owner and the visiting pilot.
Many private-use airports are identified on sectional charts by a magenta circle with an “R.” Access is at the airport owner’s discretion. Generally speaking, you must get permission in advance. Additionally, the owner may require you to receive a safety briefing or sign a waiver before granting access. Owners can establish use conditions such as no stop-and-goes, daylight-only operations, or aircraft type limitations, or decline your use altogether.
With that control comes concern about liability. Fortunately, recreational use statutes in all 50 states may offer landowners some legal protection when their land is used for noncommercial, recreational purposes. Many states explicitly include aviation in their definitions of covered recreational activities. These laws generally shield the landowner from liability unless they act with gross negligence or willful misconduct. If you land with permission, or even in an emergency, the responsibility for any damage usually rests with the pilot, not the landowner.
But recreational use statute protections vary by state, and they aren’t a substitute for aviation liability insurance, which remains a smart choice for airstrip owners. Charging landing fees or engaging in other commercial activity may void your statutory protections. Similarly, poorly maintained premises or known hazards not disclosed to visitors can still create liability. It is advisable to have a properly written policy to address gaps and offer added protection. If you have not reviewed your insurance lately, check your policy to ensure your operations are covered, especially if the airport is not charted
Owners can chart their airstrip with the FAA by submitting Form 7480-1. While not granting public status, it ensures visibility in aeronautical publications and may assist in airspace coordination and local permitting. But access is a privilege, not a right. Always check in advance, follow any published procedures, and treat the property with care and respect.
Ultimately, private airfields enhance the freedom and flexibility of GA. When thoughtfully managed and respectfully used, they benefit not only the owner but the broader flying community. Whether you’re building one or visiting one, understanding the legal and operational framework ensures these valuable assets stay safe, sustainable, and available for years to come. 
Patrick Brooke is an in-house attorney with AOPA’s Legal Services Plan. He is a private pilot and a former panel attorney with the Pilot Protection Services program.
aopa.org/pps 
