Some blind spots are created by the wing. For example, the wing of a high-wing aircraft obstructs your view of aircraft above you. When turning, the wing is lowered as the airplane turns, and that blind spot follows accordingly. For pilots flying low-wing aircraft, an aircraft below you may be difficult to see for the same reason: wing placement. Blind spots, high or low, become a particular concern when climbing or descending in a busy terminal area.

Other structural aspects of aircraft, such as posts in the windshield, or spars, can also create blind spots. In addition, environmental factors may greatly hinder visibility. The most obvious example is the sun. We’ve all experienced this when we drive a car and low-angle sun blinds us until we shade it or turn away. The sun has the same effect when flying, making it nearly impossible to clearly see other traffic as it passes in front of the brightest light in our solar system. Of course, it is even worse with a dirty windshield, or in high-humidity, hazy conditions.

Being aware of these issues, clearly communicating with other traffic in the area, and taking action to reduce the effects of blind spots are key. If the issue is structural, one way to overcome it is to roll, raising a wing (in a high-wing airplane) to check for traffic before lowering it to begin the turn. You also can adjust your scan ensure you see around obstructions, or make shallow S-turns while climbing and descending. If the sun is the primary concern, screens and sunglasses help, and you also may be able to turn the aircraft away from the sun.

Remember, collision avoidance is a regulatory requirement under FAR Part 91, specifically §91.113(b). For more information about collision avoidance, see this AOPA Air Safety Institute Safety Spotlight.

Also, see FAA Advisory Circular AC 90-48E - Pilots’ Role in Collision Avoidance.